History of the Ancient Hebrews |
www.studenthandouts.com > World History > Ancient Israel > Ancient Israel Outlines & PowerPoints |
I.
Origins
a.
Semitic nomads of Mesopotamia
b.
Circa 2000 BCE – patriarch
Abraham led his people from Ur to the Mediterranean shore
c.
Circa 1400 BCE – relocated to
Egypt because of a drought
i.
Biblical story of Moses and
Passover
a.
Originally ruled by judges,
tribal elders, or rabbis
b.
King Saul
i.
Reigned circa 1047 BCE-circa 1007
BCE
c.
King David
i.
Reigned ca. 1007 BCE-ca. 970 BCE
d.
King Solomon
i.
Reigned ca. 970 BCE-ca. 930 BCE
e.
King Rehoboam
i.
Reigned ca. 930 BCE-915 BCE
a.
First real king
b.
Anointed by Samuel
c.
United Hebrews
a.
Biblical story of David and
Goliath
b.
Extended boundaries
i.
Conquered Canaanites in Canaan
1.
Canaanites eventually
intermarried with Phoenicians
ii.
Conquered Philistines
1.
Origin of the term “Palestine”
c.
Strong united government
d.
Credited with writing “Psalms”
a.
Built a large palace
b.
Built first Jerusalem Temple
i.
“First Temple Period”
c.
Levied high taxes to pay for
construction projects
i.
Made him somewhat unpopular
d.
Credited with authoring “The Song
of Solomon”
a.
Discontent over high taxes
b.
Ten northern tribes revolted and
established kingdom of Israel (932 or 931 BCE)
c.
Two southern tribes remained
loyal as the kingdom of Judah
d.
Separate states not as strong as
unified state
a.
Israel
i.
Conquered by Assyria, 721 BCE
b.
Judah
i.
Conquered by King Nebuchadnezzar
of Babylon, 586 BCE
ii.
Temple destroyed
iii.
Babylonian captivity, 586-538 BCE
1.
Ended when Babylon was conquered
by King Cyrus of Persia, who allowed the Hebrews to return to
Jerusalem
a.
Peace under Persian rule for two
centuries
b.
Alexander the Great conquered
Persia and took over Palestine (333-325 BCE)
i.
Greeks ruled for approximately
150 years
c.
Maccabean Revolt (167-164 BCE)
i.
Independent country for 100+
years
d.
Roman conquest (63 BCE)
i.
Jewish kings (Herodians) ruled
under Roman protection
ii.
6 CE – became an imperial
province
a.
Jewish Rebellion, 66-73 CE
b.
Kitos War, 115-117 CE
c.
Bar Kokhba Revolt, 132-136 CE
a.
Jewish rebellion
b.
Revolt crushed by future Emperor
Titus
c.
Second Temple destroyed
i.
Treasures displayed in Rome
a.
Revolt by Jews throughout the
Roman Empire
b.
Cyprus, Egypt, Judea, Libya,
Mesopotamia, and Syria
c.
Sparked when Roman forces fought
the Parthians
d.
Romans won
e.
Second Jewish-Roman War
a.
Last (Third) Jewish-Roman War
b.
Jews led by Simon bar Kokhba
i.
Many believed him to be the
messiah
c.
Crushed by the Romans
i.
Led by Hadrian
d.
Results
i.
Jewish Diaspora (barred from
Jerusalem)
ii.
Early Christians began to
separate themselves from Judaism
a.
Monotheism – belief in one god
b.
Jewish Talmud
i.
Book of Jewish laws and thoughts
c.
Christianity and Islam
i.
World’s two largest religions are
based around Jewish beliefs, practices, and teachings
d.
Jewish Tanakh
i.
Largely the same as the Christian
Old Testament
ii.
Many stories have counterparts in
the Muslim Qu’ran (Koran)
a.
Where did the Hebrews originate?
b.
Who is considered to be the first
real king of the Hebrews?
c.
Who built the first Jerusalem
Temple?
d.
How did the Hebrews come to form
two separate kingdoms, Israel and Judah?
e.
What is the Babylonian captivity? f. Describe the Jewish revolt of 66-73 CE and its consequences. |
Ancient Israel Books and Films | Ancient Israel Outlines and Powerpoints |
Ancient Israel Maps and Pictures | Ancient Israel Online Study Games |
Ancient Israel Miscellany | Ancient Israel Worksheets |