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World War I Image Gallery
 
 
Click any item to enlarge it and to read a thorough description.
 
 
 
Map of the Balkan states at the end of 1913. Europe. Map of Europe, peoples and prevailing languages. European ethnic groups: English, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Flemish, Italians, French, Walloons, Spanish, Catalans, Portuguese, Roumanians (Romanians), Great Russians, White Russians, Little Russians (Ukrainians), Poles, Czechs (Bohemians), Slovaks, Slovenes, Serbs and Croats, Bulgarians, Celts, Lithuanians and Letts, Greeks, Albanians, Turks, Tatars, Magyars, Finns, Estonians (Esthonians), Basques. Map of the growth of the Ottoman Turkish Empire in Africa, Asia, and Europe, 1355-1683. Map of the decline of Turkish power in Africa, Asia, and Europe, from 1815 to 1912. Its situation at the cross-roads between the East and West has caused Constantinople's history to be written in blood. While Great Britain, France, and Italy have decided to restore the Turks to full authority in the city and to the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles, provision is made for a broad demilitarized zone and an Allied force is to remain in occupation of the Gallipoli Peninsula to safeguard the free and unimpeded entrance to the Straits. The navigation of the Straits is to be placed under the control of an International Commission under a Turkish president.
Balkan States, 1913 Languages of Europe Ottoman Turkish Empire Turkish Power in Africa Constantinople
 
 
Map of the states of the German empire. Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Wurttemberg, Baden, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Anhalt, Waldeck, Lippe, Hamburg, Bremen, Lubeck, Brunswick, Saxe-Weimar, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Altenburg, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Reuss-Elder Branch, Reuss-Younger Branch, Schaumburg-Lippe, and Oldenburg.  Map of the decline of Turkish power from 1815 to 1912. The Ottomans for centuries ruled much of the Balkans, the "powder-keg of Europe," and other areas around Turkey and Asia Minor, including Wallachia, Moldavia, Dobrudja, Bulgaria, Serbia, Thrace, Macedonia, Eastern Roumelia, Thessaly, Albania, Greece, Montenegro, Bosnia, Crete, Rhodes, Samos, and Cyprus. Map of the growth of Brandenburg-Prussia, 1640-1918.  Hanging railway between Barmen and Elberfeld, Germany. This suspended trolley line is built over the bed of the River Wupper and connects two neighboring cities in one of the most important manufacturing centers of Germany. The rapid industrial and commercial development of Germany had a significant bearing on its domestic and foreign policies before the World War. Soaking flax on a Belgian farm. Raising flax and manufacturing linens and linen laces are important industries of Belgium. The flax is gathered, tied in bundles, and piled in stacks such as appear in the background of the picture. The woody bark and stem of the fibers are rotted off by sinking them on rafts in running water. The straw is then pounded until only the fibers are left. It is from the fibers that linen is made.
German Empire  Decline of Turkish Power Brandenburg-Prussia  Hanging Railway Belgian Farm
 
 
Map of lands involved in the World War. More than seven-eighths of the inhabited area of the world took part in the war, as indicated by the black shading. Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France (1851-1929). General John Joseph Pershing of the United States Army (1860-1948). Long-range German howitzer. At the outbreak of the World War, Germany and Austria were provided with many large-caliber guns more effective than any before used.
Belgians Fleeing World War I Global Map Marshal Foch General Pershing Long-range German Howitzer
 
 
Sectional view of a German submarine (U-boat). The submarine was invented in America by John P. Holland, who launched the successful Holland No. 8 in 1898. He sold his plans to the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Germany. By 1918 there were in existence hundreds of submarines: some were armed with guns as well as torpedoes, and some carried fuel enough to cross the ocean. When on the surface, a submarine is driven by oil-burning engines at the rate of perhaps 20 miles an hour. When submerged, it is driven more slowly by storage batteries, as they make less heat and throw off less gas to pollute the air. The boat is submerged, and made to rise again, by filling and emptying water tanks; it can also be made to dive quickly, if in motion, by means of rudders. Through the periscope tube, with its mirrors and lenses, the commander can see what is happening above the surface of the water. Near the stern are the two sets of motors, electric and oil. In the center are quarters for the crew, and forward is the torpedo chamber. A British dreadnaught. This type of battleship is designed to carry the largest guns and is protected by very heavy steel plates sheathing the sides and deck. A tank in action. Infantrymen are advancing up hill, behind the tank. The tank is propelled and steered by two caterpillar treads moved like belts, an American invention. The caterpillar treads were invented by James B. Hill (of Ohio and Louisiana), who referred to the contraption as "apron traction" (originally designed as part of the Buckeye Traction Ditcher). A naval destroyer, World War I. Destroyers are swift ships, not very large, not heavily armed, not armored. They are used especially to destroy torpedo boats and submarines. The destroyer in the picture is also throwing out a smoke screen to conceal the ships behind it. Landing American troops and supplies in France.
German U-Boat British Dreadnought WWI Army Tank Naval Destroyer Landing U.S. Troops and Supplies in France
 
 
Machine guns. This picture shows American soldiers in France being instructed by a British officer in the use of a machine gun. The metal helmets worn by the soldiers were used in all the armies for protection against shrapnel. World War I. American airplanes maneuvering. Map of the Russian (eastern) and other fronts in World War I. Map of the western front in World War I. Trench warfare in France. One of the trenches used by the French. The trenches were often reinforced by sandbags, and protected on the side toward the enemy by barbed wire entanglements. There were usually two or three lines of trenches, connected by communicating passages, which made it possible to pass from one to another without exposure to the enemy.
Machine Guns American Airplanes Russian Front Western Front Trench Warfare
 
 
After the Battle of the Marne. A steel and concrete railway bridge across the Marne River destroyed by the retreating Germans. Many roads and bridges were wrecked during the war by retreating armies to delay the advance of their pursuers. World War I. After the Battle of the Marne. Scene of a hand-to-hand conflict, strewn with the wreckage of war. The basin of the Marne is a gently rolling country where every building, haystack, and wayside bank was sought as protection by the fighters. World War I. After the Battle of Verdun, 1916. French naval guns taken by the Germans and later retaken by the French. Devastated village near Belleau Wood, 1918. Part of the battlefield where American marines met the Germans. World War I. Heroes of the Meuse-Argonne, World War I. From an official army photograph. Soldiers of the First Division A.E.F., near the Meuse River, November 9, 1918. This division had twice been in line during the Meuse-Argonne battle, besides taking part in previous battles.
Battle of the Marne Battle of the Marne Battle of Verdun Belleau Wood Meuse-Argonne
 
 
Map of lands ceded by the treaty of 1919 with Germany. Cessions of territory by Germany: to France, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Denmark; parts controlled by the League of Nations; as of 1922. Palace of Versailles as seen from the gardens. This side of the palace is almost 2000 feet long. The portion seen in this picture contains the Gallery of Mirrors, so named from the seventeen large mirrors which occupy the side of the room opposite the round arched windows on the second floor. It was in this great hall that the Treaty of 1919 with Germany, ending the World War, was signed by delegates representing nearly nine-tenths of the population of the globe. Beginning of reconstruction in a Belgian village. The little restaurant has been built in the midst of the ruins of war. The French sign above the door, À la Tête d'Or, means "The Gold Head." The same words in the Flemish language appear in the sign on the end of the roof, In het Gouden Hoofd. Belgium, it will be remembered, is a bilingual country. At the street corner is a half-obliterated sign in German, a reminder of the recent enemy occupation. German Reichstag in session following the Great War (World War I). Chamber of Deputies, Paris, France. The original building, begun in 1722, was a palace. It was enlarged at various times and declared national property during the French Revolution. The side facing the river, shown here, was built in 1804 and 1807, in the style of a Greek temple.
German Territorial Cessions Palace of Versailles Reconstruction in Belgium German Reichstag Paris Chamber of Deputies
 
 
City and harbor of Fiume. Situated on an inlet of the Adriatic Sea, the city has several harbors and extensive docks, with an important railway extending eastward. Before the World War the exports of grain, flour, sugar, lumber, and horses from Fiume amounted in value to about $30,000,000 a year. (Croatia: Free Sstate of Fiume or Rijeka, which existed between 1920 and 1924, photographed following World War I.) Meeting place of the Czechoslovakian Parliament, Prague. This building, known as the Rudolphinum, was erected for a conservatory of music and art gallery. Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic), has long been an educational center. Its university was founded in the fourteenth century, and is one of the oldest in Europe. Street festival in Bucharest, the capital of Roumania (Romania). From an official Red Cross photograph. The dancers are wearing, in honor of the occasion, the old national costume, preserved unchanged for generations.
Fiume or Rijeka Czechoslovakian Parliament in Prague Bucharest Street Festival
 
 
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