A Date Which Will Live in Infamy

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Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in —the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of .

The United States was at peace with that nation, and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the . Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of , the Japanese to the United States and his colleague delivered to our secretary of a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed .

It will be recorded that the distance of from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between and Honolulu.

Yesterday the Japanese government also launched as attack against .

Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

Last night Japanese forces attacked Wake Island.

And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.

Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the to the very life and safety of our nation.

As in chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our . But always will our whole nation remember the character of the against us...

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