Madagascar is a large island nation located off the southeastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean. It is the fourth-largest island in the world and is known for its diverse and unique geography. The island features a central highland region with mountains and plateaus, including the Ankaratra and Andringitra ranges. These highlands are cooler and more temperate than the surrounding coastal areas. The eastern coast is lined with narrow, steep escarpments and lush rainforests, receiving heavy rainfall due to trade winds from the ocean. In contrast, the western and southern regions are drier, featuring savannas, dry deciduous forests, and even desert-like areas in the far south.
Madagascar is also home to numerous rivers, such as the Betsiboka and Mangoky, and several lakes, including Lake Alaotra, the largest in the country. The island's isolation has resulted in exceptional biodiversity, with many plant and animal species found nowhere else on Earth. Its varied geography supports different ecosystems and plays a critical role in shaping Madagascar's climate, agriculture, and human settlement patterns.
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