The topography of the American Midwest is largely defined by its broad plains, rolling hills, fertile valleys, and expansive farmland. Spanning states such as Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the Dakotas, the Midwest is often referred to as "America's Heartland" for its central location and agricultural productivity.
The region is dominated by flat to gently rolling terrain, especially in states like Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana, where rich, deep topsoil supports extensive crop farming. These areas are part of the larger Central Lowlands, shaped by ancient glaciers that left behind fertile glacial deposits. In contrast, parts of the Midwest, such as the Ozark Plateau in southern Missouri and northern Arkansas, feature more rugged hills and rocky outcrops.
To the west, the landscape transitions into the Great Plains, especially in Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, where the land becomes flatter and drier. River systems like the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers cut through the region, creating valleys and providing essential water sources for agriculture and transportation.
The Great Lakes--Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie--define the northern boundary of the Midwest, influencing climate, commerce, and settlement. Overall, the Midwest's topography has made it ideal for agriculture, while also supporting a diverse economy and widespread rural and urban development.
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